Inspirational stories from India

Abid Surti's amazing work to save water leak in Mumbai:

• This author and cartoonist, in his late 70s, visits nearly 2000 homes a year, repairs taps free of cost and saves nearly 500,000 liters of water.

• A true environmentalist on the ground.Surti is the founder of Drop Dead, a unique initiative he set up in 2007 for water conservation. Surti and his assistants raise awareness through posters and pamphlets.

• Before fixing a tap, they obtain permissions from the housing society concerned. And Surti pays for all expenses from his pocket. He buys gaskets from the wholesale market for Rs 50 each and pays each plumber Rs 200 per day.

• In 2007, when he was awarded the Hindi Sahitya Sanstha Award by the Uttar Pradesh government, he even used up the cash prize to fix leaky taps.

• Every year his team visits around 1,700 houses and repairs about 500 leaking taps, in the process saving about 500,000 litre of water. His tireless efforts have brought him many accolades. And now, his local Mira-Bhayandar municipal corporation will chip in too. Surti has asked the corporation to set up an office and offer a bicycle so plumbers can be available on call.

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Raja Ram Tiwari or "Lost and Found Tiwari":

• Mr. Raja Ram Tiwari, 86, who has helped 10,00,000 adults and 20,000 children, reunite with families at Kumbh Melas.

• He set up his first Khoya Paya Shivir (Lost and Found) camp in 1946 and has covered five Maha Kumbh festivals (which fall once in 12 years), six half-Kumbh and 56 Magh melas that are held every January.

• As the huge throngs come for a holy dip at the confluence of three of Hinduism's holiest rivers - the Ganges, the Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati - thousands get separated from their family. Mr Tiwari's job is to unite them with their families.

"I first came here in 1945 with my friends to have a look around. There was no facility then, and few visitors. Since then I have covered 11 Kumbh Melas and 51 annual fairs," Mr Tiwari says.
When he set up his first camp during the fair in 1946, 870 people were separated from their families. During the last festival in 2001, the number had risen to 122,766 people.

• Better known as "Bhule Bhatke Tiwari" or "Lost and found Tiwari", he has so far helped more than 633,000 lost people find their families again.

source: The man who reunites families

ARUNIMA SINHA - A woman who challenged God's verdict by becoming first female amputee to climb Mount Everest.

Became first female amputee to climb Mount Everest. 

The whole story in 12 simple PHOTOGRAPHS:

A National level Volley Ball player was once travelling from Lucknow to Delhi in a train named "Padmavati Express" on April 11 ,2011.

She was travelling in General Coach as she had to go to Delhi to give the exams of C.I.S.F.

As she boarded the fateful train, a gang of a few thieves came and tried to snatch her chain. In the scuffle that ensued she was thrown from the running train 

As she was thrown outside the Padmavati train she fell on the nearby track which had a train coming from the other direction and this train crushed her right leg and badly injured the other leg.

She was badly injured and suffered some serious injuries in the leg and pelvic regions.She was admitted in AIIMS for about 4 months and after that she was released but the most tragic part of the incident was doctors had to cut her right leg

In the 4 months that she spent at the hospital , she gained massive media coverage. This added fuel to already existing depression and frustation. She was also awarded a compensation by the government.

She knew that her career as a Volleyball player had come to an end.

        DID SHE QUIT AND LOST ALL HER HOPE ?

                      

                               NO

She took the inspiration from Indian Cricketer "Yuvraj Singh".She felt if he can recover from cancer she too can recover from her ill fate. So she decided to climb Mount Everest.

At first things seemed quite difficult. But she got an excellent support from her parents,brother and coach.She started training gradually.
She then met the iconic Bachendri Pal who was moved on seeing her indomitable spirit.She started training at Uttarkashi Camp.

On 1 April 2013, Sinha and Susen Mahto, a TSAF instructor who had together climbed Mount Chaamser Kangri (6622 metres) in 2012 under the guidance of Bachendri Pal.

After toiling for 17 hours she reached the Peak of mount Everest on 21 May 2013 and she took 52 days to reach the peak.

Finally after climbing for 52 days she reaches the summit on 21 May 2013 and finally became

FIRST FEMALE AMPUTEE TO CLIMB MOUNT EVEREST.

Credits - Sunny Mishra

Some more less known facts about Indian culture and heritage

• Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here
• Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.
• Most populous democracy in the world- 1.2 billion people
• Taj Mahal of India has been described in the UNESCO World Heritage List as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."
• The Indian film industry produces the world's most-watched cinema
• India has the world's highest concentration of vegetarians
• The ‘Place Value System’ and the ‘Decimal System’ were developed in India in 100 B.C.
• The World’s First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite.
• The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called ‘Mokshapat’. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with cowrie shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e. good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births.
• India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world.
• Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
• Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days.
• The value of “pi” was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
• Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over 2,600 years ago Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries.
• There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world.
• The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world’s largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
• His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, runs his government in exile from Dharmashala in northern India.
• Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.

Source -
-Anuj
Founder- feedspot.com

Rural Olympics of India

India might not get the chance to host the Olympics but an Indian State every year host the Rural Olympics. Kila Raipur Sports Festival, popularly known as the Rural Olympics, is held annually in Kila Raipur (near Ludhiana), in Punjab, India.

Kila Raipur Sports Festival was started by the founder of Grewal Sports Association,Inder Singh Grewal way back in 1930 to encourage local youths of Kila Raipur and surrounding areas to participate in sports and recreational activities that could keep them fit and healthy. 

The Raipur Sports Festival is held in February every year at the Grewal Sports Stadium at Kila Raipur which is situated 11 km from Ludhiana. The three-day festival includes about 50 events, made up of both established sport disciplines and some truly queer village pursuits not seen in any other part of the world. This uncommon mix is the secret for the soaring success of this event. 

The events at the Festival are roughly divided into three sections. The rural games section includes events such as wrestling, tug of war, kabaddi, weight lifting, tent pegging, paragliding, horse racing, and even some odd events like handling tractor trolley. The modern sports section includes modern day events like athletics, volleyball, football, handball, cycling and many others. The third section is called performing sports and includes events that require extraordinary skills on the part of participants. These include sit-ups, twisting a rod placed on one’s throat, heavy stone-cracking by placing it on the chest, pushing a tractors using only one’s legs, picking three to four bicycles using teeth, riding two horses simultaneously and much more.

The boisterous running commentary provided in Punjabi adds to rustic feel of the festival. Events like dog races, bullock cart races, tractor races and animals like bulls and dogs combating animatedly send the crowd into raptures as they keep egging the competitors, of the two-legged and the four-legged variety, to outperform others. 

Images of Some Mind Blowing  Games in Rural Olympics

Test of dental strength

Show of Strength 

A man shows off his stunts on a motorbike

Runners took part in the over 80 race

Source :

Raipur Sports Festival

Kila Raipur Sports Festival

Being run over by a tractor, carrying bricks with your teeth and cow chariot racers: Fascinating pictures of India's bizarre Rural Olympics

Param: The first Indian Supercomputer

It was the fall of 1985 and the Prime Minister of India had returned from USA, red faced. His first attempt at purchasing a supercomputer had failed. Ronald Reagan had politely rejected his plea. Rajiv Gandhi’s dream to take India into the 21st century as an improved country had suffered a major setback. Multiple attempts to convince the US President failed one final time in 1987, which was the moment when our Prime Minister clearly saw closed doors on the American side. India, at the international circuit, appeared as an entity that had to ask for a living.
Indian diplomats had foreseen this. They knew American policy. America would never sell latest technology to anyone and especially not to a developing country like India. Rajiv Gandhi had to face the music for believing in the uncertain. Ronald Reagan’s statements made the people believe that he would grant India to purchase the Supercomputer, but never did he actually commit on doing so. Eventually the dream was over. Indian Scientists always condemned this decision of the then Prime Minister.

Foreign Affairs executives and the Ministry itself suggested that Russia may sell its Supercomputers to India. India-Russia had good relationships so there was an added benefit. The deal went through smoothly but, before it could be completed America intervened. USSR was in process of disintegration and many countries broken out of USSR were being formed. America supported these states and also encouraged more fragmentation. On American intervention, Russia realized that the former did not want it to lend India the Supercomputer and withdrew the deal.
Meanwhile, a popular computer business firm, IBM wanted to setup equipment in India and planned on developing a supercomputer. This seemed to be the perfect deal but, again American government entered the fray. They kept on claiming that they don’t want to sell the Supercomputer to India because they see it as a threat to their technological security. Their claim was rubbish as India had made it very clear that it wanted to monitor weather conditions using the machine. The deal with IBM also dissolved.

Indian Scientist’s initiative

At a conference at CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), in 1987, Rajiv Gandhi was discussing this problem with many renowned Indian scientists. They expressed their discontent on the PM asking other countries to setup India’s supercomputer. CSIR think tanks proposed that Indian brains are equally potent as American and European ones and an indigenous Supercomputer could be made. Rajiv Gandhi was not convinced at all. He doubted Indian scientists’ ability initially. But, looking at the gravity of the situation, he agreed on the proposal.

The Role of CDAC

CSIR transferred the project to CDAC (Center for Development and Advanced Computing) immediately. Based in Pune, CDAC summoned scientists from all over the country to work on India’s greatest ever project. The response was overwhelming. Every scientist, with great motivation of initiating an advanced technology, commenced work on the complicated project. $30 million was the fund provided for the entire project. Although the amount seems massive, it was a petty chunk of money that was invested. Within three years, the extraordinary happened. CDAC finally completed its work well within the proposed deadline. All the computer analysts, experts and scientists involved had worked their socks off. The sweat on their brow had created history. For the first time ever, a developing country had pulled off such a miracle in advanced computer development. Needless to say, the world was shocked at this achievement. The first indigenous supercomputer created by India was named ‘PARAM 8000’.

Dr. Vijay Bhatkar


Dr. Vijay Bhatkar is known as the architect of this project. He was one of the strongest protestors against India begging for a Supercomputer. He was also one of the forward speakers who insisted that Indian’s can make their own advanced technology. It was his belief in Indian brains that made us achieve this incredible feat.

Dr. Bhatkar went on to lead CDAC to create ‘PARAM 10000’- India’s second Supercomputer in 1998. He also built National Param Super-computing Facility (NPSF) which now functions as the foundation to High Performance Computing (HPC) in India
Facts about the PARAM series
PARAM series was produced using completely indigenous resources.

PARAM supercomputers are used by both public and private operators for various purposes. As of 2008, 52 PARAMs have been deployed. Of these, 8 are located in Russia, Singapore, Germany and Canada. PARAMs have also been sold to Tanzania, Armenia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Ghana, Myanmar, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

– Speed of this Supercomputer is equivalent to any other such machine in the world
– PARAM series has the most reasonable cost of production
– It is the cheapest supercomputer in the World.
– Four major supercomputers have been created since PARAM 8000, the latest one being Param Yuva II.

The Metro Man of India- E. Sreedharan

And the stories about his dedication, hard work, and genius are as intriguing as that of Dr. Kalam's.

For instance, the Pamban Bridge incident.

Pamban Bridge connected Rameswaram (Dr. Kalam's hometown incidentally) to the mainland Tamil Nadu. In December 1964, it was destroyed by a cyclone.
The Railways of India set 6 months as a target for the bridge to be prepared.
Sreedharan's boss at the time reduced it to 3 months.
And Dr. Sreedharan completed the job in a mere 46 days.

He was given The Railway Minister's Award for this accomplishment.

While working for government,

• In 1970, he was put in charge of the construction of Calcutta Metro. 
  It was a first of its kind undertaking in India and was highly successful, mainly due to the efforts of this man.
  This, basically, put the foundation of modern tansportation system in India.
• In 1979, he joined a failing Cochin Shipyard Limited. The productivity was low and deadlines were not being met. 
  In just a couple of years, Dr. Sreedharan turned its fortunes around and launched a ship made in the shipyard in 1981.

He retired in 1990, but such was the demand for his expertise that he was welcomed back to work with the Government on contract.

After retirement, he worked on Konkan Railway which was considered to be his biggest achievement of the time.
The entire project was  completed within deadlines without any extra budget, a feat almost impossible in the Indian public sector.

Then came Delhi Metro.

A project that gave the legend E Sreedharan almost a demi-god status in India.

While still on contract, he was made the managing director of DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation). As was expected, every project in Delhi Metro was completed before time and withing the budget limits.

While still in office, Dr. Sreedharan announced that he will retire in 2005 (again). When his retirement date came, he was virtually forced to extend his stint and oversee the completion of second phase of the Delhi Metro.
Such was the effect of Dr. Sreedharan that Delhi Metro is virtually corruptionless, in a country plagued with the monstrous problem.

Finally, he retired in 2011, only to be made advisor on various other metro projects in India, including but not limited to: Lucknow Metro, Andhra Pradesh Metro, Jaipur Metro etc.

Dr. Sreedharan has followed nearly impossible work ethics all his life. His efficiency has been near perfect. 

Also, he has never let his work been politicised. Probably the sole reason why he has completed every project he had so efficiently.

His life is a lesson on dedication, hard work, and perseverance.

The Metro Man of India.

Source - E. Sreedharan

ASTHMA CURE BY EATING RAW FISH - कच्ची मछली से अस्थमा का इलाज

One of the most peculiar things existing in India is the treatment of Asthma using raw fish by Bathini Goud Brothers of Doodhbowli in Hyderabad.

1)The patients are only required to purchase a fish named Murrel fish(generally found to be of length 5-6 cm) easily available outside the Exhibition place.

2) Fish Medicine is served and administered on a specific day called "Mrigishira Karthi" and it normally coincides with the arrival of monsoon rains, the first or second week of June.

3) Prior to the treatment of the patients prayers are offered by Bathini Brothers and is carried for around an hour.

4) The medicine or the mixture formed from the secret herbs are prepared by the members of Goud family.

5) By the time the prayers finishes,thousands of people gather outside the Exhibition place.

6) They ensure that they have fish packets with them before having their asthma treatment.

7) On arrival of the patient the fish is taken out of the packet and the herbal paste is applied on the mouth of fish.

8)Now come the most crucial part.The fish is then inserted deep inside the mouth.

9)It is believed that the fish helps to clear the patient’s o esophagus as it makes its way down to the stomach, and later releases the medicine. It survives for about 15 minutes inside the body, and clears phlegm in the lungs as it flaps about.

Around 250 members of Bathini Goud Family are involved in this.They are deeply committed to their work and don't charge even a penny from the patients.

Source:
Bathini Goud Brothers.

"द ग्रेट वॉल ऑफ इंडिया" जो देती है चीन की दीवार को टक्कर, जानें इसका रहस्य

कुम्भलगढ़, उदयपुर, राजस्थान: 
चीन के दीवार का नाम विश्व में सभी जानते हैं | आपको यह जानकर आश्चर्य होगा कि भारत में भी एक ऐसी दीवार है जो सीधे तौर पर चीन के दीवार को टक्कर देती है | जिसे भेदने की कोशिश अकबर ने भी की लेकिन भेद न सका। जिसके दीवार की मोटाई इतनी है कि उस पर 10 घोड़े एक साथ दौड़ सकते हैं।

यह किला चारों तरफ से अरावली की पहाड़ियों की मजबूत ढाल द्वारा सुरक्षित है |

इसका निर्माण पंद्रहवी सदी में राणा कुम्भा ने करवाया था। पर्यटक किले के ऊपर से आस पास के रमणीय दृश्यों का आनंद ले सकते हैं | शत्रुओं से रक्षा के लिए इस किले के चारों ओर दीवार का निर्माण किया गया था | ऐसा कहा जाता है कि चीन की महान दीवार के बाद यह एक सबसे लम्बी दीवार है | यह किला 1100 मीटर की ऊंचाई पर समुद्र स्तर से परे क्रेस्ट शिखर पर बनाया गया है। इस किले के निर्माण को पूरा करने में 15 साल का समय लागा |

दस घोड़े एक साथ दौड़ते है इसके दीवार 

महाराणा कुंभा के रियासत में कुल 84 किले आते थे जिसमें से 32 किलों का नक्शा उसके द्वारा बनवाया गया था | कुंभलगढ़ भी उनमें से एक है | इस किले की दीवार की चौड़ाई इतनी ज्यादा है कि 10 घोड़ों को एक ही समय में उसपर दौड़ सकते हैं | एक मान्यता यह भी है कि महाराणा कुंभा अपने इस किले में रात में काम करने वाले मजदूरों के लिए 50 किलो घी और 100 किलो रूई का प्रयोग करता था |

यहां है "बादलों का महल"

बादल महल को ‘बादलों के महल’ के नाम से भी जाना जाता है | यह कुम्भलगढ़ किले के शीर्ष पर स्थित है | इस महल में दो मंजिलें हैं एवं यह संपूर्ण भवन दो आतंरिक रूप से जुड़े हुए खंडों, मर्दाना महल और जनाना महल में विभाजित हैं |

इस महल के कमरों के दीवारों पर सुंदर दृश्यों को अंगित किया गया है जो उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के काल को प्रदर्शित करते हैं |

उस समय भी होता था एसी का प्रयोग

आज भी एसी का प्रयोग कर ऑफिसों में पाइपों के द्वारा ठंढ़क पहूंचाई जाती है | उस समय भी महल के इस परिसर में रचनात्मक वातानुकूलन प्रणाली लगा हुआ था जो आज भी है | यह पर्यटकों के आकर्षण का केंद्र है जिसे देखना एक दिलचस्प बात है | इसमें पाइपों की एक श्रृंखला है जो इन सुंदर कमरों को ठंडी हवा प्रदान करती है और साथ ही कमरों को नीचे से भी ठंडा करती हैं | पर्यटक जनाना महल में पत्थरों की जालियों से बाहर का नजारा देख सकते हैं | ये जालियां रानियों द्वारा दरबार की कार्यवाही को देखने के लिए प्रयोग में लाई जाती थी |


सुरक्षा ऐसी कि परिंदा भी न मार सके पैर:

सुरक्षा को मद्देनजर रखते हुए इस दुर्ग में ऊंचे स्थानों पर महल, मंदिर व आवासीय इमारतें बनायीं गई और समतल भूमि का उपयोग कृषि कार्य के लिए किया गया वही ढलान वाले भागों का उपयोग जलाशयों के लिए कर इस दुर्ग को यथासंभव स्वावलंबी बनाया गया | इस दुर्ग के भीतर एक और गढ़ है जिसे कटारगढ़ के नाम से जाना जाता है यह गढ़ सात विशाल द्वारों व सुद्रढ़ प्राचीरों से सुरक्षित है |

इसे बनाते समय रखा गया वास्तु शास्त्र का ध्यान:

वास्तु शास्त्र के नियमानुसार बने इस दुर्ग में प्रवेश द्वार, प्राचीर, जलाशय, बाहर जाने के लिए संकटकालीन द्वार, महल, मंदिर, आवासीय इमारते, यज्ञ वेदी, स्तम्भ, छत्रियां आदि बने है |

सिर्फ एक बार छाया किले पर हार का साया

कुंभलगढ़ को अपने इतिहास में सिर्फ एक बार हार का सामना करना पड़ा जब मुगल सेना ने किले की तीन महिलाओं को जान से मारने की धमकी देकर अंदर प्रवेश करने का रास्ता पूछा | महिलाओं ने डर से एक गुप्त द्वार बताया लेकिन, इसके बाद भी मुगल अंदर जाने में सफल नहीं हो पाए। एक बार फिर अकबर के बेटे सलीम ने भी इस किले पर फतह करने की सोची लेकिन उसे भी खाली हाथ वापस लौटना पड़ा |

जिसे कोई और न मार सका उसके बेटे ने ही ले ली जान

महाराणा प्रताप की जन्म स्थली कुम्भलगढ़ एक तरह से मेवाड़ की संकटकालीन राजधानी रहा है | महाराणा कुम्भा से लेकर महाराणा राज सिंह के समय तक मेवाड़ पर हुए आक्रमणों के समय राजपरिवार इसी दुर्ग में रहा | यहीं पर पृथ्वीराज और महाराणा सांगा का बचपन बीता था |

धोखा देने पर चुनवा दिया दीवार में

कुछ समय बाद जब राजा को उस महिलाओं के बारे में पता चला तो उन्होंने तीनों को किले के द्वार पर दीवार में जिंदा चुनवा दिया | ऐसा कर राजा ने लोगों को यह संदेश दिया कि राज्य के सुरक्षा के साथ जो भी खिलवाड़ करेगा उसका यही अंजाम होगा |

यहाँ पहुँचाना है बेहद आसान

कुम्भलगढ़ किला उदयपुर शहर से 64 किलोमीटर की दूरी पर है | उदयपुर शहर से कुम्भलगढ़ किले तक आसानी से पहुंचा जा सकता है | पर्यटक आसानी से रेलमार्ग, वायुमार्ग या सडक द्वारा इस स्थान तक पहुंच सकते हैं 

Facts about Indian Rupee

The rupee, or more specifically the Indian rupee (symbol: ₹; ISO code: INR) (Unicode U+20B9) is the official currency of the Republic of India. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. It is named after the silver coin, rupiya, first issued by Sultan Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century and later continued by the Mughal Empire.

The modern rupee is subdivided into 100 paise (singular paisa), though as of 2011 only 50 paise coins are legal tender.Banknotes in circulation come in denominations of ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100, ₹500 and ₹1000. Rupee coins are available in denominations of ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10.

The Indian rupee symbol '₹' (officially adopted in 2010) is derived from the Devanagari consonant "र" (ra). The first series of coins with the rupee symbol was launched on 8 July 2011.

The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management on the basis of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

The word "rupee" was derived from the Sanskrit word रूप्यकम् (rūpyakam). The modern Indian rupee has a direct lineage from the rupiya, the silver coin, issued bySher Shah Suri (1540—1545), continued by the Mughal rulers.However, in Assam, West Bengal, Tripura and Odisha, the Indian rupee is officially known by names derived from the Sanskrit word टङ्क (ṭaṅka), which means "money".^[5] Thus, the rupee is called টকা (ṭôkā) in Assamese, টাকা (ṭākā) in Bengali and ଟଙ୍କା (ṭaṅkā) in Odia. The amount (and the word "rupee") is, accordingly, written on the front of Indian banknotes in English and Hindi, whilst on the back the name is listed, in English alphabetical order, in 15 other Indian languages.

1. Assamese: টকা (ṭôkā)
2. Bengali: টাকা (ṭākā)
3. Bhojpuri: रुपया (rupayā)
4. Gujarati: રૂપિયો (rupiyo)
5. Hindi: रुपया (rupaya)
6. Kannada: ರೂಪಾಯಿ (rūpāyi)
7. Kashmiri: روپے (ropyih)
8. Konkani: रुपय (rupaye)
9. Malayalam: രൂപ (rūpā)
10. Marathi: रुपया (rupayā)
11. Nepali: रुपैयाँ (rupaiyã)
12. Odia: ଟଙ୍କା (ṭaṅkā)
13. Punjabi: ਰੁਪਈਆ (rupiā)
14. Rajasthani: रिप्या (ripyā)
15. Sanskrit: रूप्यकम् (rūpyakam)
16. Santali: ᱴᱟᱠᱟ (ṭākā)
17. Sindhi: रुपियो‎ (rupiyo)
18. Tamil: ரூபாய் (rūpāy)
19. Telugu: రూపాయి (rūpāyi)
20. Urdu: روپیہ‎ (rupayā)

The Indian Government introduced the Gulf rupee (XPGR) in 1959– for circulation outside the country to reduce the strain on India's foreign reserves from gold smuggling. These countries were using it until mid-1960s before they replaced with their own currencies. 

Gulf rupee or Persian Gulf Rupee

Special coins

After independence, the Government of India mint, minted coins imprinted with Indian statesmen, historical and religious figures. In year 2010 and 2011 for the first time ever₹75, ₹150 and ₹1000 coins were minted in India to commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of the Reserve Bank of India, the 150th birth anniversary of Rabindra Nath Tagore and 1000 years of the Brihadeeswarar Temple, respectively. In 2012 a ₹60 coin was also issued to commemorate 60 years of the Government of India Mint, Kolkata. ₹100 coin was also released commemorating the 100th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's return to India.